The Concept of ‘Breath\u0131ng’ in Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs: Water Vapor D\u0131ffus\u0131on | HMSA Academy<\/title>\n <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Technical analysis of water vapor diffusion, \u00b5-value, and moisture cycle in historical buildings. Impact of incorrect material selection on structural pathologies in restoration.\">\n <meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"building physics, breathability, water vapor diffusion, mu value, moisture cycle, restoration, hygric balance, condensation\">\n <meta name=\"author\" content=\"HMSA Academy\">\n\n \n <style>\n .hmsa-article-wrapper {\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n max-width: 800px;\n margin: 40px auto;\n padding: 0 20px;\n color: #333;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n\n .hmsa-header-meta {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: #ba372a; \n font-weight: 700;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .hmsa-main-title {\n font-size: 34px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #111;\n line-height: 1.3;\n margin: 0 0 20px 0;\n padding-bottom: 20px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;\n }\n\n .hmsa-author-info {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: #666;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n font-style: italic;\n }\n .hmsa-author-info strong {\n color: #ba372a;\n font-style: normal;\n }\n\n .hmsa-intro-box {\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\n border-left: 5px solid #ba372a;\n padding: 25px 30px;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;\n }\n .hmsa-intro-title {\n font-size: 18px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .hmsa-intro-text {\n font-size: 16px;\n font-style: italic;\n color: #555;\n margin: 0;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-subhead {\n font-size: 24px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-top: 50px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .hmsa-paragraph {\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.8;\n color: #222;\n margin-bottom: 25px;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-list {\n list-style: disc;\n padding-left: 20px;\n margin: 20px 0 30px 40px;\n }\n .hmsa-list li {\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: #333;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-glossary-section {\n background-color: #f4f4f4;\n padding: 30px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n margin: 40px 0;\n border-left: 5px solid #333;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-title {\n display: block;\n font-size: 18px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-item {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n font-size: 16px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-item strong {\n color: #000;\n }\n\n .hmsa-ref-section {\n margin-top: 80px;\n padding: 40px;\n background-color: #f9f9f9;\n border-radius: 8px;\n border-top: 3px solid #eee;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-title {\n display: block;\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #333;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-list {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n margin: 0;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-list li {\n font-size: 14px;\n color: #666;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n padding-left: 15px;\n text-indent: -15px;\n }\n\n .mu-symbol {\n font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\n font-weight: bold;\n font-style: italic;\n color: #ba372a;\n font-size: 1.1em;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .hmsa-article-wrapper { padding: 0 15px; margin: 20px auto; }\n .hmsa-main-title { font-size: 26px; }\n .hmsa-subhead { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 30px; }\n .hmsa-paragraph { font-size: 16px; }\n .hmsa-intro-box { padding: 20px; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body data-rsssl=1>\n\n <div class=\"hmsa-article-wrapper\">\n \n \n <div class=\"hmsa-header-meta\">HMSA Academy: Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs & Conservat\u0131on<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hmsa-main-title\">The Concept of ‘Breathing’ in Building Physics: Water Vapor Diffusion and Moisture Cycle<\/h1>\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-author-info\">\n Author: <strong>M\u00fcge G\u00fcnel<\/strong> <span> \/\/ MSc Architect & Restoration Specialist<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-intro-box\">\n <h3 class=\"hmsa-intro-title\">Abstract<\/h3>\n <p class=\"hmsa-intro-text\">\n In historical buildings, the term “breathing” refers to the material’s capacity to absorb and release water vapor rather than the building envelope’s air permeability. This article examines the hygric behavior of traditional building materials, the water vapor diffusion resistance factor (<span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> value), and the effects of incorrect material selection on structural pathologies from a technical perspective.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">I. Introduction: The Physical Reality of “Breathing”<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n The expression “breathing,” frequently encountered in restoration terminology, is scientifically defined as <strong>water vapor diffusion permeability<\/strong>. For a structure to breathe means that water vapor passes through the building elements (stone, brick, plaster) and is evacuated due to the partial vapor pressure difference between the indoor and outdoor environments. This process maintains the <em>hygric balance<\/em> of the building and allows water within the material to transition from a liquid phase to a gas phase for dissipation.\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">II. Vapor Pressure and Diffusion Mechanism<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n Water vapor always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. In heated indoor spaces, vapor pressure rises, and moisture tends to exit through the building envelope.\n <\/p>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-list\">\n <li><strong>Advantage of Mineral Structures:<\/strong> Traditional lime-based plasters and natural stones do not resist this vapor transition thanks to their open-pore structures.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Synthetic Barriers:<\/strong> Acrylic-based paints or cement-based plasters applied to building surfaces exhibit high diffusion resistance, halting this transition. The result is the entrapment and condensation of vapor beneath the surface.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">III. <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> Value: Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Factor<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n In building physics, the breathing capacity of a material is measured by the <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> value. This coefficient indicates how much resistance the material offers to water vapor passage compared to air:\n <\/p>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-list\">\n <li><strong>Air:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> = 1<\/li>\n <li><strong>Traditional Lime Plaster:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> ≈ 5-10<\/li>\n <li><strong>Natural Stones:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> ≈ 10-40<\/li>\n <li><strong>Acrylic Paints \/ Cement:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> > 100-200 (Resistance is very high)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n As the resistance coefficient increases, the building envelope becomes unable to evacuate vapor, leading to “moisture entrapment.”\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">IV. Disruption of the Moisture Cycle and Pathological Outcomes<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n When the moisture cycle is interrupted, water liquefying inside the building element carries soluble salts to the surface. An impermeable layer (acrylic paint or low-quality plaster, etc.) prevents this water from evaporating. The unevaporated water crystallizes just beneath the surface (<strong>subflorescence<\/strong>), causing mechanical disintegration, peeling of the material, and a rapid increase in biological growth (mold, fungi).\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">V. Conclusion: Sustainable Conservation Approach<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n Intervening in the moisture balance of a historical building directly affects its lifespan. Any layer applied to the building envelope (consolidants, water repellents, or coatings) must be compatible with the material’s original diffusion capacity.\n <\/p>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n A restoration intervention that <strong>“does not breathe”<\/strong> initiates a silent process that decays the structure from within. Conservation ethics mandate the preservation not only of the material’s aesthetics but also its physical behavior.\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-section\">\n <span class=\"hmsa-glossary-title\">HMSA Glossary of Terms<\/span>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Water Vapor Diffusion Permeability:<\/strong> The ability of gaseous water molecules to pass through the pores of a material.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Condensation:<\/strong> The accumulation of water vapor on or within a building element as it transitions to a liquid phase due to temperature differences.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Hygroscopic Capacity:<\/strong> The property of a material to attract and hold moisture from the surrounding environment.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Sd Value (Equivalent Air Layer Thickness):<\/strong> The total resistance measure obtained by multiplying the material thickness by its μ value.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Capillary Water Absorption (Capillarity):<\/strong> The rise of liquid water through the thin channels of a material in a direction opposite to gravity.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-ref-section\">\n <span class=\"hmsa-ref-title\">References<\/span>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-ref-list\">\n <li>Straube, J., & Burnett, E. (2005). Building Science for Building Enclosures. Building Science Press.<\/li>\n <li>Massari, G., & Massari, I. (1993). Damp Buildings, Old and New. ICCROM.<\/li>\n <li>Hens, H. S. (2017). Building Physics – Heat, Air and Moisture. Ernst & Sohn.<\/li>\n <li>Snethlage, R. (2014). Leitfaden Steinkonservierung. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.<\/li>\n <li>CSIRO (2000). Water Vapor Transmission of Building Materials.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Concept of ‘Breath\u0131ng’ in Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs: Water Vapor D\u0131ffus\u0131on | HMSA Academy HMSA Academy: Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs & Conservat\u0131on The<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3197","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3197\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":3197,"date":"2026-03-25T12:50:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/?page_id=3197"},"modified":"2026-03-25T12:50:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:50:24","slug":"the-concept-of-breathing-in-building-physics-water-vapor-diffusion-and-moisture-cycle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/the-concept-of-breathing-in-building-physics-water-vapor-diffusion-and-moisture-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"The Concept of ‘Breathing’ in Building Physics: Water Vapor Diffusion and Moisture Cycle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n The Concept of ‘Breath\u0131ng’ in Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs: Water Vapor D\u0131ffus\u0131on | HMSA Academy<\/title>\n <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Technical analysis of water vapor diffusion, \u00b5-value, and moisture cycle in historical buildings. Impact of incorrect material selection on structural pathologies in restoration.\">\n <meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"building physics, breathability, water vapor diffusion, mu value, moisture cycle, restoration, hygric balance, condensation\">\n <meta name=\"author\" content=\"HMSA Academy\">\n\n \n <style>\n .hmsa-article-wrapper {\n font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n max-width: 800px;\n margin: 40px auto;\n padding: 0 20px;\n color: #333;\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n\n .hmsa-header-meta {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: #ba372a; \n font-weight: 700;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .hmsa-main-title {\n font-size: 34px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #111;\n line-height: 1.3;\n margin: 0 0 20px 0;\n padding-bottom: 20px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;\n }\n\n .hmsa-author-info {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: #666;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n font-style: italic;\n }\n .hmsa-author-info strong {\n color: #ba372a;\n font-style: normal;\n }\n\n .hmsa-intro-box {\n background-color: #fcfcfc;\n border-left: 5px solid #ba372a;\n padding: 25px 30px;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;\n }\n .hmsa-intro-title {\n font-size: 18px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n }\n .hmsa-intro-text {\n font-size: 16px;\n font-style: italic;\n color: #555;\n margin: 0;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-subhead {\n font-size: 24px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-top: 50px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n .hmsa-paragraph {\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.8;\n color: #222;\n margin-bottom: 25px;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-list {\n list-style: disc;\n padding-left: 20px;\n margin: 20px 0 30px 40px;\n }\n .hmsa-list li {\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: #333;\n text-align: justify;\n }\n\n .hmsa-glossary-section {\n background-color: #f4f4f4;\n padding: 30px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n margin: 40px 0;\n border-left: 5px solid #333;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-title {\n display: block;\n font-size: 18px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #ba372a;\n margin-bottom: 15px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-item {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n font-size: 16px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n .hmsa-glossary-item strong {\n color: #000;\n }\n\n .hmsa-ref-section {\n margin-top: 80px;\n padding: 40px;\n background-color: #f9f9f9;\n border-radius: 8px;\n border-top: 3px solid #eee;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-title {\n display: block;\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: 800;\n color: #333;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-list {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n margin: 0;\n }\n .hmsa-ref-list li {\n font-size: 14px;\n color: #666;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n padding-left: 15px;\n text-indent: -15px;\n }\n\n .mu-symbol {\n font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\n font-weight: bold;\n font-style: italic;\n color: #ba372a;\n font-size: 1.1em;\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .hmsa-article-wrapper { padding: 0 15px; margin: 20px auto; }\n .hmsa-main-title { font-size: 26px; }\n .hmsa-subhead { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 30px; }\n .hmsa-paragraph { font-size: 16px; }\n .hmsa-intro-box { padding: 20px; }\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body data-rsssl=1>\n\n <div class=\"hmsa-article-wrapper\">\n \n \n <div class=\"hmsa-header-meta\">HMSA Academy: Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs & Conservat\u0131on<\/div>\n <h1 class=\"hmsa-main-title\">The Concept of ‘Breathing’ in Building Physics: Water Vapor Diffusion and Moisture Cycle<\/h1>\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-author-info\">\n Author: <strong>M\u00fcge G\u00fcnel<\/strong> <span> \/\/ MSc Architect & Restoration Specialist<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-intro-box\">\n <h3 class=\"hmsa-intro-title\">Abstract<\/h3>\n <p class=\"hmsa-intro-text\">\n In historical buildings, the term “breathing” refers to the material’s capacity to absorb and release water vapor rather than the building envelope’s air permeability. This article examines the hygric behavior of traditional building materials, the water vapor diffusion resistance factor (<span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> value), and the effects of incorrect material selection on structural pathologies from a technical perspective.\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">I. Introduction: The Physical Reality of “Breathing”<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n The expression “breathing,” frequently encountered in restoration terminology, is scientifically defined as <strong>water vapor diffusion permeability<\/strong>. For a structure to breathe means that water vapor passes through the building elements (stone, brick, plaster) and is evacuated due to the partial vapor pressure difference between the indoor and outdoor environments. This process maintains the <em>hygric balance<\/em> of the building and allows water within the material to transition from a liquid phase to a gas phase for dissipation.\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">II. Vapor Pressure and Diffusion Mechanism<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n Water vapor always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. In heated indoor spaces, vapor pressure rises, and moisture tends to exit through the building envelope.\n <\/p>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-list\">\n <li><strong>Advantage of Mineral Structures:<\/strong> Traditional lime-based plasters and natural stones do not resist this vapor transition thanks to their open-pore structures.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Synthetic Barriers:<\/strong> Acrylic-based paints or cement-based plasters applied to building surfaces exhibit high diffusion resistance, halting this transition. The result is the entrapment and condensation of vapor beneath the surface.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">III. <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> Value: Water Vapor Diffusion Resistance Factor<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n In building physics, the breathing capacity of a material is measured by the <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> value. This coefficient indicates how much resistance the material offers to water vapor passage compared to air:\n <\/p>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-list\">\n <li><strong>Air:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> = 1<\/li>\n <li><strong>Traditional Lime Plaster:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> ≈ 5-10<\/li>\n <li><strong>Natural Stones:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> ≈ 10-40<\/li>\n <li><strong>Acrylic Paints \/ Cement:<\/strong> <span class=\"mu-symbol\">μ<\/span> > 100-200 (Resistance is very high)<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n As the resistance coefficient increases, the building envelope becomes unable to evacuate vapor, leading to “moisture entrapment.”\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">IV. Disruption of the Moisture Cycle and Pathological Outcomes<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n When the moisture cycle is interrupted, water liquefying inside the building element carries soluble salts to the surface. An impermeable layer (acrylic paint or low-quality plaster, etc.) prevents this water from evaporating. The unevaporated water crystallizes just beneath the surface (<strong>subflorescence<\/strong>), causing mechanical disintegration, peeling of the material, and a rapid increase in biological growth (mold, fungi).\n <\/p>\n\n \n <h2 class=\"hmsa-subhead\">V. Conclusion: Sustainable Conservation Approach<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n Intervening in the moisture balance of a historical building directly affects its lifespan. Any layer applied to the building envelope (consolidants, water repellents, or coatings) must be compatible with the material’s original diffusion capacity.\n <\/p>\n <p class=\"hmsa-paragraph\">\n A restoration intervention that <strong>“does not breathe”<\/strong> initiates a silent process that decays the structure from within. Conservation ethics mandate the preservation not only of the material’s aesthetics but also its physical behavior.\n <\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-section\">\n <span class=\"hmsa-glossary-title\">HMSA Glossary of Terms<\/span>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Water Vapor Diffusion Permeability:<\/strong> The ability of gaseous water molecules to pass through the pores of a material.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Condensation:<\/strong> The accumulation of water vapor on or within a building element as it transitions to a liquid phase due to temperature differences.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Hygroscopic Capacity:<\/strong> The property of a material to attract and hold moisture from the surrounding environment.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Sd Value (Equivalent Air Layer Thickness):<\/strong> The total resistance measure obtained by multiplying the material thickness by its μ value.<\/div>\n <div class=\"hmsa-glossary-item\"><strong>Capillary Water Absorption (Capillarity):<\/strong> The rise of liquid water through the thin channels of a material in a direction opposite to gravity.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n \n <div class=\"hmsa-ref-section\">\n <span class=\"hmsa-ref-title\">References<\/span>\n <ul class=\"hmsa-ref-list\">\n <li>Straube, J., & Burnett, E. (2005). Building Science for Building Enclosures. Building Science Press.<\/li>\n <li>Massari, G., & Massari, I. (1993). Damp Buildings, Old and New. ICCROM.<\/li>\n <li>Hens, H. S. (2017). Building Physics – Heat, Air and Moisture. Ernst & Sohn.<\/li>\n <li>Snethlage, R. (2014). Leitfaden Steinkonservierung. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.<\/li>\n <li>CSIRO (2000). Water Vapor Transmission of Building Materials.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Concept of ‘Breath\u0131ng’ in Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs: Water Vapor D\u0131ffus\u0131on | HMSA Academy HMSA Academy: Bu\u0131ld\u0131ng Phys\u0131cs & Conservat\u0131on The<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3197","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3197\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.letoon.com.tr\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}